I had summarized page fifteen of the book, The Mummy, by E.A Walis Budge.  The book gave a large amount of information regarding Ancient Egyptian monuments, kings, and structures, but I am going to expand on that information with outside sources including two more books about Ancient Egypt, and two online sources.
The first book I chose to research was The Legacy of Egypt, edited by J.R Harris.  This book helped expand more on how much monumental structures like the Sphinx and the pyramids were built with such limited technology.  The Egyptians were generally regarded as "a most inventive and inquiring people".  They had achieved such large building projects by working in a team, where each worker would have a small job to complete, which increased the rate of productivity and allowed for larger projects to be created.  Generally there was one additional person in charge of overseeing the project and instructing the workers on what to do.
The second book I chose, Literature and Mythology of Ancient Egypt, written by Joseph Kaster, shed more light as to the general "why" of Egyptian architecture.  The ancient society drew a lot of inspiration for its buildings from other Mediterranean societies (which explains why so many columns were used on their buildings).  Egypt was a center of commerce, they drew influence from other cultures they came in contact with.  They drew especially from classical Greece in methods of painting, sculpting, designing, and engineering.
I also found a website entitled "Art History Resources" which provided more information about the King Menkaure (who had the third Giza pyramid built).  I was surprised to find that he also had a statue carved out of slate of he and his Queen that I recognized from art history classes.  This work was found in his tomb as well, along with the previously mentioned bodily remains, coffin, and whatever was left of his sarcophagus.
I wanted to look further into how these works were actually made, given the limited technologies, and found an online article entitled "Egypt: Construction in Ancient Egypt".  Stone blocks were made with stone, copper, or bronze tools.  Blocks were moved using mainly earth and mud ramps to achieve the monumental heights commonly associated with Ancient Egyptian structures.  The main reason their arts and architecture were so great was because of their large work force.  Were it not for this, the same output would not be achieved.
Reading just one page of The Mummy led me to inquire more about the Ancient Egyptian cultural achievements and of those who ruled it.  Further investigation with multiple sources answered these questions and raised even more.

Works Cited

Budge, E.A. Wallis. The Mummy. United States of America: Random House, 1989. Print.

Harris, J.R. The Legacy of Egypt. United States of America: Penguin Press, 1970. Print.

Kaster, Joseph. Literature and Mythology of Ancient Egypt. London: Oxford University Press, 1971. Print.

Whitcombe, Christopher. "Menkaure and His Queen".  Art History Resources. N.P. 2000. Web. 7 October 2013. <http://arthistoryresources.net/menkaure/menkaurediscovery.html>.

"Egypt: Construction in Ancient Egypt, Egypt." Tour Egypt. Tour Egypt, n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2013. <http://arthistoryresources.net/menkaure/menkaurediscovery.html>.